Effect of Smoke in Water Extract on Growth and Yield Performances of Barley (Hordem vulgare L.)

Seed germination, growth and seed vigourisity problems are the major bottlenecks that can reduce the yields of crops. Thus, this experiment was done with the objective of identifying the effect of seed treatment with water extracted smoke solutions on seedling performances and yield and yield related traits of barley cultivar (1307) under both field and laboratory conditions. The treatments included smoke water sources of–Acacia albida, Juniperous procera and wheat straw in four different concentrations (1:200, 1:400, 1:600, 1:800 and 1:1000 with cold water as a control); and foliar application was used with the same treatment at field study. Smoke solutions were produced by burning small quantities (50 g dry leaves/500 ml distilled water) of dried plant material from a range of species in a bee smoker attached by hose to a side-arm flask to pull the smoke through the water. The dilution of an aqueous smoke extract produced from uninterrupted bubbling of smoke from each plant had taken and steeping barley kernels in different dilutions from three plant-derived smoke-water resulted in earlier radical emerged after 48 hours and more uniform germination observed in laboratory. Foliar treatment also applied at field experiment to the stem and leaves of young seedlings by spraying with smoke-water solution after 20 days and at flowering stage. Treating barley seed with smoke- water showed a significant (P<0.05) improvement in speed of germination, increment in seedling vigourisity index, fresh/dry weight, number of tillers, grain yield, stem thickness and other yield related parameters compared with the control. Among all treatment smoke extracted from Juniperous in 1:800 ml concentrations showed the highest result in most of the growth parameters. This study indicated that seed treatments and foliar application with smoke-water showed promising results in improving seed germination, seedling growth and crop productivity. Thus, it was concluded that application of Juniperous procera extracted smoke solution at 800 ml improved both seedling germination and growths, and yields of barley as compared to the other sources.

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